reproduced here en whole, «Fish People»:
Since the opportunities for XS to agree (in advance) with PZ Myers don’t come along too regularly, it’s worth seizing upon those that do. For anyone who thinks cladistics are important, this point is worth strongly defending:
There are multiple meanings of “fish”. We can use it to refer to specific species or an extant category of animals: salmon are fish, halibut are fish, herring are fish. No one objects to that, and they all understand that if I said “humans are still salmon”, that would be wrong. […] But another way the term is used is as a descriptor for a clade. A taxonomic clade is a “grouping that includes a common ancestor and all the descendants (living and extinct) of that ancestor”. […] So, for instance, humans belong to the mammalian clade, which includes mice and cats and cows. If we have transhuman, part-cyborg descendants, they will still be mammals, because, note, by definition a clade must include all the descendants of an ancestor. We’re trapped! There’s no way our progeny can exit the clade!
In fact, it’s such a sound point, it’s worth generalizing.
To this veteran N(r)exer Alrenous replies:
I like to say a human is a spectacularly bad copy of a prokaryote.
That said, definitions. https://alrenous.blogspot.com/2016/06/definitions-considered-meaningful.html
Sure you can define a clade like that if you want. But is it useful? Does calling trans-humans mammals actually tell you anything about transhumans, or does it empty the term ‘mammal’ of meaning?
It’s better to define in reverse. If I want to talk about a particular meaning of ‘clade’ then I define ‘clade’ to have that meaning. However, I then must investigate whether transhumans are still in the human clade, because I decide actions, not their consequences, so it’s not up to me.
I want clades to be useful, therefore every member of a clade must share some trait. This works out with hierarchy. Humans are not fish. Humans are archeo-fish, and fish are also archeo-fish. As time passes archeo-fish share fewer and fewer traits, but necessarily new clades, with relevant information, are born. Total description is conserved, at least relative to the amount to describe.
However, clades tell you nothing about horizontal transmission. Mechanical implants are horizontal, and should be orthogonal to the clade system. As for genetic engineering, our genes will decide how we tinker with our genes, but ‘humans’ and ‘transhumans’ will be related like archeo-fish to fish.
Of course someone produced Lovecraft to the scene:
Says:
Descendants of Dagon arise: http://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/d.aspx
Then suddenly I saw it. With only a slight churning to mark its rise to the surface, the thing slid into view above the dark waters. Vast, Polyphemus-like, and loathsome, it darted like a stupendous monster of nightmares to the monolith, about which it flung its gigantic scaly arms, the while it bowed its hideous head and gave vent to certain measured sounds. I think I went mad then.
Once I sought out a celebrated ethnologist, and amused him with peculiar questions regarding the ancient Philistine legend of Dagon, the Fish-God